The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Class 10 Imp Notes History Chapter 1

The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Class 10 Notes Social Science History Chapter 1

I. Introduction

    A. Definition of a nation as a large group of people sharing common descent, language, history, and territory under one government

II. Frederic Sorrieu and his visualization

    A. Description of Sorrieu's prints envisioning a world of democratic and social republics

    B. The first print depicting the people of Europe and America offering homage to the Statue of Liberty

    C. Symbolism of enlightenment and the Charter of the Rights of Man carried by a female figure

    D. Depiction of distinct nations identified through flags and national costumes

    E. Mention of leading nations in the procession: USA, Switzerland, France, Germany, etc.

    F. Inclusion of religious symbolism with Christ, saints, and angels symbolizing fraternity among nations

III. The French Revolution and the idea of Nation

    A. Growth of nationalism in France due to various measures and practices

    B. Overthrow of monarchy and establishment of a republic

    C. Rise of Napoleon and his reforms aiding the spread of the idea of nationhood

    D. Assistance provided by revolutionaries to other European countries in their struggle for nationhood

IV. The making of Nationalism in Europe

    A. Factors contributing to the making of nationalism:

        1. Divisions into kingdoms, duchies, and cantons

        2. Use of different languages

        3. Rise of the middle class

        4. Industrialization in England

        5. Preservation of traditional institutions after the defeat of Napoleon

    B. Role of conservative regimes and autocratic rulers in suppressing nationalist movements

    C. Examples of nationalist movements: Mazzini's "Young Italy" and "Young Europe"

V. Unification of Italy

    A. Giuseppe Mazzini's role in the unification process

    B. Formation of the secret society "Young Italy" and advocacy for a unified Italian Republic

    C. Unification efforts led by Sardinia-Piedmont under Chief Minister Cavour

    D. Defeat of Austrian forces in 1859 and the role of Garibaldi

    E. March into South Italy and the kingdom of the two Sicilies

    F. Proclamation of Victor Emmanuel II as the King of United Italy in 1861

VI. Unification of Germany

    A. Divisions and independent states in Germany in the 18th century

    B. Middle-class Germans' efforts to unite different regions into a nation-state

    C. Formation of the Frankfurt Assembly and proposal for the unification of Germany

    D. Rejection of the proposal and repression of the liberal initiative

    E. Otto Von Bismarck's leadership in the unification process

    F. Wars with Denmark, Austria, and France to achieve unification

    G. Proclamation of Kaiser William as the new German Emperor in 1871

VII. Visualizing the Nation

    A. Use of female allegories to represent the nation: Marianne and Germania

    B. Symbolism associated with Marianne, such as the red cap, tri-color, and statues erected in public squares

    C. Germania depicted with a crown of oak leaves symbolizing heroism

VIII. Impact of the Napoleonic Code

    A. Major changes brought about by the Napoleonic Code

    B. Abolition of privileges based on birth, establishment of equality before the law, and securing the right to property

    C. Simplification of administrative divisions and abolishment of feudal systems

    D. Removal of guild restrictions in towns and improvements in transport and communication systems

IX. Nationalism and Imperialism

    A. Narrowing of nationalism with limited ends and the rise of intolerance

    B. Big power rivalries and alignment of nationalism with imperialism

    C. Contribution of nationalism and imperialism to World War I

X. Conclusion

    A. Universal acceptance of the idea of nationalism and the concept of a national state