The Age of Industrialisation Class 10 Notes History Chapter 5

 Key Concepts

   A. Association of craftsmen or merchants following the same craft

      Purpose: protection of members' interests and standard supervision

   B. Tanning

       Definition: conversion of raw hide into leather using tannic acid

   C. Food processing

       Technique of chopping and mixing food for making jams, juices, etc.

   D. Victorian Britain

       Definition: Britain during the reign of Queen Victoria

   E. Brewery

       Definition: commercial place for brewing beer and other beverages

   F. Vagrant

      Definition: a person without a settled home or regular work

   G. Bourgeois

       Definition: referring to the upper middle class

   H. Gomastha

       Definition: an Indian agent or middleman between merchant and weavers

   I. Stapler

      Definition: a person who staples or sorts wool by fiber

II. Before Industrial Revolution

   A. Proto-Industrialization

      1. Production in the 17th century with artisans working for merchants

      2. Cottages functioning as factories

   B. Association of producers and trained craftsmen controlling production

      1. Restriction on new traders entering the market

III. Coming up of Factories

   A. Early factories in England (1730s)

   B. Cotton mills as symbols of the new era

   C. Inventions in carding, twisting, spinning, and rolling

IV. Pace of Industrial Change

   A. Dynamic industries: cotton, iron, and steel

   B. Gradual transition from traditional to new industries

   C. Slow acceptance of technological changes

      1. Example: James Watt's steam engine initially struggling to find buyers

V. Hand Labor and Steam Power

   A. Abundance of human labor in Victorian Britain

   B. Seasonal labor demand in many industries

   C. Importance of hand labor for intricate designs and high-end goods

   D. Preference for handmade goods by the upper classes

VI. Life of the Worker

   A. Negative impact of abundant labor on workers' lives

   B. Fear of unemployment and hostility towards new technology

   C. Worker protests against advancements like the Spinning Jenny

   D. New employment opportunities with the introduction of railways

VII. Industrialization in the Colonies

   A. Textile industry as the center of industrialization in India

   B. Impact on Indian weavers and loss of bargaining power under British rule

   C. Introduction of "gomasthas" as agents and their control over weavers

VIII. Manchester Imports and Decline of Indian Industries

   A. Rise of Manchester cotton imports from Britain

   B. Decreased supply of raw cotton in India, increasing prices for weavers

   C. Control of large sectors of Indian industries by European managing agencies

IX. Small-Scale Industries and Market for Goods

   A. Dominance of small-scale industries in India

   B. Growth of industries in Bengal and Bombay

   C. Use of fly shuttle to increase handicrafts

   D. Advertisement and market strategies

X. Conclusion

   A. Summary of key industrial revolution concepts and impacts

   B. Mention of the shift from handmade to machine-made goods, cottage to factory production, and the overall transformation of production systems